Analysis of basic components/concepts and major relationships in the theory. •  Briefly discuss the theory’s core concepts •  Use a secondary source like your textbook that covers the selected nursing theory, from nursing literature (only one from a non-article source like a secondary source/text) to support your discussion in this section.

The theory of Nursing Process is a fundamental framework in nursing practice that guides the delivery of patient care. Developed by Ida Jean Orlando in the 1960s, this theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and recognizes the unique needs of each individual. In this analysis, we will discuss the core concepts of the Nursing Process theory, supported by a secondary source from nursing literature.

The Nursing Process theory consists of five essential components: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Each stage plays a crucial role in the delivery of effective and personalized care. According to Orlando, the nurse should be present in the immediate moment and focus on the patient’s immediate needs to provide efficient care.

The first stage, assessment, involves gathering subjective and objective data about the patient’s condition. It includes information such as the patient’s medical history, vital signs, and complaints. This phase aims to collect relevant information to form a clear picture of the patient’s health status. According to Meleis (2012), “assessment is the first step of the nursing process and helps the nurse to identify the patient’s needs and problems.”

Once the assessment is complete, the nurse moves on to the second stage, diagnosis. In this phase, the nurse analyzes the collected data to identify the patient’s problems. These problems can be physical, psychological, social, or cultural in nature. The nurse seeks to understand the underlying causes of these problems and formulates nursing diagnoses. According to Meleis (2012), “diagnosis in nursing process is a statement identifying the patient’s health status or the patient’s response to one or more health problems, which the nurse is licensed and competent to treat.”

After the diagnosis is made, the nurse proceeds to the planning stage. This stage involves setting goals and developing a care plan in collaboration with the patient. The goals should be realistic, achievable, and patient-centered. The care plan outlines specific interventions that will address the identified problems and ultimately improve the patient’s health outcomes. Meleis (2012) highlights that “planning assists the nurse to organize care, prioritize interventions and communicate with other clinicians providing care.”

Implementation is the fourth stage of the Nursing Process, where the nurse takes action to execute the planned interventions. This includes providing direct patient care, administering medications, and educating the patient and their family. The nurse also collaborates with other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated and comprehensive care. Meleis (2012) states, “implementation refers to the carrying out of the plan interventions. Nurses must be knowledgeable, skillful, and professional in helping patients meet desired health outcomes.”

The final stage of the Nursing Process is evaluation. In this phase, the nurse assesses the effectiveness of the interventions and evaluates if the goals have been met. This allows the nurse to determine if any modifications to the care plan are necessary. Meleis (2012) states, “evaluation is a reflection on the steps in the nursing process and the person’s progress in meeting health outcomes.”

To support our analysis, we will refer to the textbook “Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice” by Marilyn Parker. In this text, Parker (2017) expounds on the significance of the Nursing Process theory in improving patient care outcomes. She emphasizes the importance of thorough assessment and diagnosis in guiding the planning and implementation stages of the nursing process. Parker states, “The nursing process helps nurses to zoom in on specific problems and create a care plan that addresses each identified issue.”

In conclusion, the Nursing Process theory developed by Ida Jean Orlando provides a comprehensive framework for delivering patient-centered care. The five stages of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation form the core concepts of this theory. As supported by Parker’s textbook, the Nursing Process theory enhances the ability of nurses to assess, diagnose, plan, implement, and evaluate patient care, thereby improving health outcomes. This theory is widely utilized in nursing practice and continues to shape patient care delivery.

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