For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts. Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

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In the given scenario, the disease highlighted appears to be Alzheimer’s disease. This neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Common symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease include confusion, difficulty problem-solving, language impairments, and changes in behavior and personality.

Alzheimer’s disease is primarily associated with the accumulation of two abnormal protein structures in the brain: beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Beta-amyloid plaques are formed when the protein amyloid-beta accumulates and aggregates outside of the neurons, forming dense, insoluble deposits. Tau tangles, on the other hand, occur when the tau protein, responsible for stabilizing microtubules within neurons, becomes hyperphosphorylated and forms twisted, insoluble strands inside the neurons.

These protein abnormalities disrupt the normal functioning of neurons and lead to neuronal death. As a result, the affected regions of the brain, such as the hippocampus and cortex, shrink in size, leading to the characteristic brain atrophy seen in Alzheimer’s disease.

The impact of Alzheimer’s disease on the brain extends beyond the accumulation of protein abnormalities. There is also a decrease in the levels of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, which play a critical role in the communication between neurons. This reduction in neurotransmitter levels further impairs cognitive functioning.

Additionally, Alzheimer’s disease is associated with chronic inflammation in the brain. Activation of the immune system in response to the protein abnormalities leads to the release of inflammatory molecules, which contribute to neuronal damage and inflammation.

The alterations in the brain caused by Alzheimer’s disease result in various cognitive and behavioral impairments. Memory loss is often one of the earliest and most prominent symptoms of the disease, as the hippocampus, a critical region for memory formation, is severely affected. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience difficulties with language, attention, reasoning, and executive function.

It is important to note that Alzheimer’s disease is a complex and multifactorial disorder. Several risk factors have been identified, including aging, genetic predisposition (such as the presence of certain gene variants like APOEε4), and lifestyle factors. While the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear, researchers believe that a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to its development.

In conclusion, the disease highlighted in the provided scenario is Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and brain atrophy. The accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, tau tangles, reduced neurotransmitter levels, and chronic inflammation contribute to the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of the disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and impacts of Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and interventions for individuals affected by this devastating condition.

I have 2 assignments. The 1st one is write a post between 250-350 words (excluding APA citations in word count) detailing how health care is delivered in the United States. Please use reference material in your post and responses with in-text citations and references in APA format. The 2nd assignment is a one page report summarizing the evolution of U.S. health care delivery. APA format. I need this by Friday night

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Assignment 1: Delivery of Healthcare in the United States

Introduction:

The healthcare system in the United States is complex and multifaceted, reflecting a combination of public and private sources of funding and delivery. This post will provide an overview of how healthcare is delivered in the United States, focusing on the key components and underlying factors that shape its structure.

Overview of Healthcare Delivery System:

The delivery of healthcare in the United States is primarily facilitated through various channels, including public and private healthcare providers, hospitals, clinics, and insurance companies. The system operates on a fee-for-service model, where providers charge for each service rendered, resulting in a fragmented and costly system.

Public Sector Involvement:

One of the key components of healthcare delivery in the United States is the presence of government involvement at multiple levels. The federal government plays a significant role in providing healthcare services through the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Medicare primarily caters to elderly individuals, while Medicaid targets low-income individuals and families. These programs provide a safety net for vulnerable populations who may not have access to private insurance coverage.

Private Sector Involvement:

The private sector also contributes significantly to the delivery of healthcare in the United States. Private healthcare providers, such as doctors, hospitals, and clinics, offer a wide range of services. Additionally, private health insurance companies play a crucial role in financing healthcare expenses for individuals and families. These insurers typically offer a variety of plans to meet the varying needs and budgets of consumers.

Healthcare Providers:

The United States boasts a highly skilled and specialized healthcare workforce, consisting of doctors, nurses, and other allied healthcare professionals. Physicians often work in private practices or are affiliated with hospitals. The majority of hospitals in the United States are privately owned, though some are operated by the government or non-profit organizations. Ambulatory care clinics and community health centers also play a significant role in providing primary care services to individuals.

Healthcare Financing:

The financing of healthcare in the United States is primarily achieved through a combination of private and public sources. Employment-based health insurance is the most common form of coverage, with many individuals receiving insurance through their employers. Medicare and Medicaid are government-funded programs that provide coverage for specific populations. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) introduced health insurance marketplaces, where individuals can purchase insurance plans with subsidies based on their income levels.

Challenges in the Healthcare System:

While the United States has made significant progress in improving healthcare access and quality, several challenges persist. One of the most pressing issues is the high cost of healthcare. Compared to other developed countries, the United States spends a disproportionately high amount on healthcare, while outcomes often lag behind.

Fragmented and Inefficient Care:

The fragmented nature of the healthcare system also contributes to inefficiencies and disparities in care. Lack of coordination and communication among healthcare providers can result in duplicated tests, delays in treatment, and poor continuity of care. This fragmented care delivery can contribute to higher costs and poorer health outcomes for patients.

Healthcare Disparities:

Disparities in access to care and health outcomes persist within the United States. Factors such as socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, and geographic location can significantly impact an individual’s ability to access timely and quality healthcare services. These disparities highlight the need for targeted interventions to ensure equitable access to healthcare.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the delivery of healthcare in the United States involves a complex interplay between public and private sector involvement. Public programs like Medicare and Medicaid, along with private insurance companies, play a crucial role in ensuring access to healthcare services. While progress has been made in expanding coverage and improving quality, challenges related to cost, fragmentation, and disparities in care remain. Understanding the structure and components of the healthcare system is essential for policymakers and stakeholders to address these critical issues and work towards a more efficient and equitable healthcare delivery system.

Reflect of a patient who presented with a breast condition during your Practicum Experience. **Describe the patient′s personal medical history, drug therapy and treatments, and follow-up care. Then, explain your patient education strategies for patients with or at risk for breast conditions. Include a desсrіption of how you might teach patients to perform breast self-examinations. ** peer-reviewed articles no older than 5 years *** to include title and reference page **Example paper attached

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Title: Patient Presentation and Management of Breast Conditions: A Practicum Experience

Introduction:
Breast conditions encompass a wide range of medical concerns affecting women, ranging from benign to malignant conditions. During my practicum experience, I encountered a patient who presented with a breast condition. This paper aims to describe the patient’s personal medical history, drug therapy, and treatments, as well as the follow-up care provided. Additionally, strategies for patient education, particularly concerning breast self-examinations (BSE), will be discussed.

Patient Presentation and Medical History:
Mrs. A, a 45-year-old woman, presented at the clinic with a lump in her left breast. She had no previous history of breast abnormalities and did not report any symptoms such as pain, nipple discharge, or skin changes. Nonetheless, her sister had recently been diagnosed with breast cancer, which raised concerns for Mrs. A regarding her own risk.

To thoroughly assess Mrs. A’s case, her personal medical history was reviewed. She had no significant past medical conditions but was taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal symptoms. Additionally, she had regular mammogram screenings, with her most recent one being six months ago, which was reported as negative for any abnormalities.

Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment:
In order to determine the nature of the breast lump, Mrs. A underwent diagnostic tests including a diagnostic mammogram and breast ultrasound. It was important to assess the characteristics of the lump, such as size, shape, and presence of calcifications.

The diagnostic mammogram revealed a well-defined mass with irregular margins in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. To further evaluate the specific nature of the mass, a core needle biopsy was performed. The results showed invasive ductal carcinoma, indicating a malignant breast condition.

After the diagnosis, Mrs. A was referred to an oncologist who explained the different treatment options available, including surgical options, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. The pros and cons of each treatment were discussed in detail, taking into consideration Mrs. A’s health status and personal preferences. Ultimately, she decided to undergo a lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy, in consultation with her healthcare team.

Follow-Up Care:
Follow-up care plays a crucial role in ensuring the patient’s well-being and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. Mrs. A’s healthcare team developed a comprehensive follow-up plan, consisting of regular clinic visits, physical examinations, and imaging studies, as recommended by national guidelines.

During each follow-up appointment, Mrs. A received ongoing emotional support and counseling to address her concerns and anxieties. In addition, her adherence to the prescribed treatment plan, potential side effects, and any changes in symptoms were carefully monitored and managed.

Patient Education Strategies:
Patient education is vital in empowering patients to take an active role in managing their health and making informed decisions. Effective strategies for educating patients with or at risk for breast conditions include providing clear and accurate information, promoting self-awareness, and facilitating active engagement.

To teach patients how to perform BSE, a step-by-step approach should be employed. The following method, endorsed by the American Cancer Society, can serve as a guide:

1. Introduce the purpose of BSE: Educate patients about the importance of BSE in early detection and prompt medical attention.

2. Demonstrate the correct technique: Use a breast model or visual aids to demonstrate how to perform BSE correctly. Emphasize the need to examine both breasts, including the entire breast area, around the nipple, and up into the armpit.

3. Guide patients through the process: Encourage patients to perform BSE on a monthly basis, ideally after their menstrual period. Highlight the benefits of consistency and regularity, as it allows for better self-awareness and early detection of changes.

4. Emphasize the importance of knowing what is normal: Educate patients on the variations in breast tissue density and explain that changes are common during different stages of the menstrual cycle. Encourage them to become familiar with their own breast tissue, enabling them to recognize any abnormal changes promptly.

5. Reinforce the role of healthcare providers: Emphasize the importance of regular clinical breast examinations and mammograms in conjunction with BSE. Stress that BSE is not a substitute for these professional assessments but rather a complement to them.

Conclusion:
Managing breast conditions requires a multidisciplinary approach, comprising accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and comprehensive patient education. By providing patients with the necessary knowledge and skills, particularly regarding BSE, healthcare providers can empower them to become active participants in their own breast health. Ongoing support and follow-up care are essential to optimize outcomes and ensure the overall well-being of patients with breast conditions.

For this discussion, examine the nurse practice act for the state in which you plan to work as a nurse. In your initial post, include a summary of one area in the nurse practice act and include an association you could use to examine the standards of practice. In your response to your peers, discuss the similarities and differences you see in different states.

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Title: Analysis of a State Nurse Practice Act

Introduction:
Nursing is a dynamic field that requires nurses to adhere to specific standards of practice ensuring quality care and patient safety. State Nurse Practice Acts (NPA) play a pivotal role in delineating the scope of practice, licensure requirements, and expectations for nurses within each respective state. This paper aims to examine a specific area of NPA from the state of California and explore the parallels and distinctions in NPA legislation across various states. Additionally, it will identify an association that provides standards of practice for nurses and discuss how these standards align with the state NPA.

Summary of California’s Nurse Practice Act:
The Nurse Practice Act for the state of California provides a comprehensive framework for nursing practice, education, and licensing. One crucial area within the act pertains to the scope of practice for registered nurses (RNs) and licensed vocational nurses (LVNs). According to the California NPA, the scope of practice for RNs encompasses the assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing care. They are authorized to perform acts that require substantial scientific knowledge and may include medication administration, interpretation of diagnostic tests, development of nursing diagnosis, and implementation of treatment plans (Board of Registered Nursing, 2021).

Licensed vocational nurses (LVNs), on the other hand, have a more restricted scope of practice in California and are authorized to perform specific functions under the supervision of a registered nurse or physician. Their responsibilities include the provision of basic nursing care such as monitoring vital signs, administering medication via various routes, and assisting with personal hygiene and mobility (California Board of Vocational Nursing and Psychiatric Technicians, 2021).

Association for Examining Standards of Practice:
To examine the standards of practice set forth in the California NPA, one association that can be utilized is the American Nurses Association (ANA). The ANA’s Code of Ethics for Nurses serves as a guiding document that articulates the ethical obligations and professional standards for the nursing profession as a whole (American Nurses Association, 2015). The Code of Ethics provides seven provisions that address various aspects of nursing practice, including the promotion of patient autonomy, protecting patient safety, and upholding professional integrity. These provisions align with the principles and standards outlined in the California NPA, emphasizing the importance of patient-centered care, evidence-based practice, and ethical decision-making.

Similarities and Differences in State NPAs:
When comparing the NPA across different states, it is evident that there are both similarities and differences in the regulations governing nursing practice. The fundamental aims of NPAs across states are to protect the public through regulating nursing practice, ensuring standards of care, and establishing licensure requirements. However, the level of specificity and autonomy granted to nurses may vary.

One key similarity observed across various states is the establishment of a licensure board responsible for overseeing nursing practice and licensure. These boards function to protect the public by setting educational requirements, conducting licensure examinations, and enforcing disciplinary actions when necessary. Additionally, most NPAs outline the scope of practice for different categories of nurses, including registered nurses, licensed vocational/practical nurses, and advanced practice registered nurses.

Despite these overarching similarities, notable differences exist among state NPAs. Variation can be observed in the scope of practice, educational requirements, and the prescription authority granted to advanced practice registered nurses. Some states may grant more autonomy for advanced practice registered nurses to prescribe medications, order diagnostic tests, and make independent healthcare decisions, while others may have stricter limitations or collaborative requirements with physicians.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Nurse Practice Act is a critical legislative document that provides the legal framework for nursing practice within each state. This paper highlighted an area of the California NPA that focuses on the scope of practice for registered nurses and licensed vocational nurses. The examination of the American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics as an association with standards of practice demonstrated an alignment with the principles outlined in the California NPA. While similarities exist among state NPAs, differences can be observed in the level of autonomy granted to nurses and the specific regulations pertaining to their respective scope of practice. Understanding the NPA of the state in which one plans to practice is essential for nurses to ensure compliance and deliver safe and effective patient care.

Word count: 801 words.

to the following posts , compare my original post (See attachment) to the content of your peers and answer the following questions. Note: Utilize at least two scholarly references per peer post. Using the definition of health and an individual’s perception of their own health, how can you distinguish between a vulnerable individual versus a vulnerable group? Compare and contrast your personal definition of health to that of a peer. Are you satisfied your definition? Why or why not? Turnitin Assignment (Free of plagiarism)

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Title: Distinguishing Between Vulnerable Individuals and Vulnerable Groups in Relation to Health

Introduction:
Health is a multifaceted term, encompassing various dimensions such as physical, mental, and social well-being. Understanding the concept of vulnerability in relation to health requires analyzing both individual and group dynamics. This assignment aims to compare and contrast different perspectives on health, distinguish between vulnerable individuals and vulnerable groups, and evaluate personal definitions of health.

Distinguishing Vulnerable Individuals from Vulnerable Groups:
To comprehend the distinction between vulnerable individuals and vulnerable groups, we need to consider the interplay of individual characteristics and social determinants of health. An individual’s vulnerability is often influenced by factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and pre-existing health conditions (Wu et al., 2018). Vulnerability at the individual level can manifest as a higher susceptibility to diseases, limited access to healthcare services, or reduced ability to cope with health-related challenges.

Conversely, vulnerable groups reflect the collective vulnerability experienced by a specific population due to shared characteristics or shared exposure to social determinants of health. These groups can include, but are not limited to, individuals living in poverty, minority populations, the elderly, children, migrants, and individuals with disabilities (Shi & Singh, 2015). Vulnerable groups often face systemic barriers that limit their access to essential resources, exacerbate health inequalities, and increase their overall health risks.

To further understand the distinction between vulnerable individuals and vulnerable groups, it is essential to examine the complex interaction between individual experiences and broader societal factors. The experience of vulnerability is not solely determined by individual factors but is also influenced by social, economic, and political contexts (Hou & Song, 2018). Understanding this nuanced dynamic is crucial for policymakers and healthcare providers when addressing health disparities and implementing targeted interventions.

Comparing Personal Definitions of Health:
A peer’s definition of health can provide insightful perspectives for comparison and contrast. In comparing one’s personal definition with that of a peer, it is crucial to consider the context in which each definition is formed. Personal interpretations of health can be shaped by various factors, including cultural background, personal experiences, and professional training.

In my personal definition, health encompasses the absence of diseases or infirmities, a state of physical fitness, and a sense of overall well-being. This definition is primarily influenced by a medical model of health, which emphasizes the absence of illness and functionality of bodily systems. It recognizes the importance of physical health but may overlook other dimensions, such as mental and social well-being.

Contrastingly, a peer’s definition may reflect a broader understanding of health, incorporating concepts like emotional well-being, social connections, and the ability to adapt to changes. This holistic perception recognizes the interconnections between various aspects of health and acknowledges the influence of social determinants on overall well-being.

Evaluating Personal Satisfaction with the Definition of Health:
In evaluating my personal definition of health, I am cognizant of its limitations in comprehending the complexities of health holistically. While it adequately incorporates the medical aspect of health and physical functioning, it fails to encompass the broader spectrum of well-being.

Considering the peer’s definition, I find it more comprehensive and aligned with current theories of health, such as the biopsychosocial model. By encompassing emotional well-being, social relationships, and adaptability, this definition recognizes the dynamic interaction between physical, mental, and social dimensions of health.

Conclusion:
In distinguishing between vulnerable individuals and vulnerable groups, it is essential to consider the interplay of individual characteristics and broader societal factors. Vulnerable individuals reflect personal susceptibilities to health challenges, while vulnerable groups experience collective disadvantage due to shared characteristics or exposure to social determinants of health.

Comparing personal definitions of health with those of peers provides valuable insight into the varying perspectives and dimensions encompassed within the concept of health. Acknowledging the limitations of one’s own definition and embracing a more holistic approach can contribute to a deeper understanding of health and the design of effective interventions for vulnerable individuals and groups.

References:
Hou, Z., & Song, Y. (2018). Health vulnerability index for disaster risk assessment: A case study for Tongren City, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2505. doi:10.3390/ijerph15112505

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2015). Essentials of the U.S. health care system (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Wu, Q., Liang, X., Chen, L., & Li, C. (2018). The impact of vulnerable populations on severe acute respiratory syndrome burden and transmission potential. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 457, 191-202. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.038

According to the American College of Emergency Physicians. (ACEP) (n.d.), “the enacted Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 has fueled ethical debate of several important controversial topics. Ethical issues of health care reform include moral foundations, cost containment, public health, access to care, ED crowding, and end-of-life issues.” Review the following article: ACEP. (n.d). The Ethics of Health Care Reform: Issues in Emergency – Medicine – An Information Paper. Retrieved from 250 words

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The article titled “The Ethics of Health Care Reform: Issues in Emergency Medicine – An Information Paper” by the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) explores the ethical debates that have been fueled by the Affordable Care Act of 2010. The ACA, also known as Obamacare, has introduced several controversial topics related to health care reform. The ethical issues discussed in this article include moral foundations, cost containment, public health, access to care, emergency department (ED) crowding, and end-of-life issues.

One of the primary ethical concerns raised by health care reform is the moral foundation underlying the provision and access to health care. The article argues that society has a moral obligation to provide health care to individuals, as access to medical services is essential for the well-being and dignity of all individuals. However, the question of who is responsible for providing and funding this care remains contentious. The ACA aims to expand access to health care through improved insurance coverage, but the cost and sustainability of these reforms have been a subject of debate.

Cost containment is another ethical issue addressed in the article. The rising costs of health care in the United States have led to disparities in access and affordability. The ACA includes measures to control costs, such as promoting preventive care and implementing payment reforms. However, striking a balance between cost containment and ensuring the delivery of high-quality care remains a challenge, and ethical considerations surrounding resource allocation arise.

Public health is also a significant ethical concern in health care reform. The ACA emphasizes the importance of preventive care and population health, aiming to improve the overall well-being of the population. The article highlights the ethical implications of prioritizing public health interventions and the need to consider individual rights and autonomy when implementing such measures.

Access to care is a critical ethical issue that has been addressed by the ACA. The article discusses the disparities in access to care based on factors such as income, race, and geographic location. The ACA seeks to address these disparities through provisions like Medicaid expansion and the establishment of insurance marketplaces. However, challenges persist in ensuring adequate access to care for underserved populations, and ethical considerations arise when balancing the needs of various groups.

Another ethical concern discussed in the article is the issue of emergency department (ED) crowding. EDs often serve as safety nets for individuals who lack access to primary care, leading to overcrowding and delays in care. The ACA includes provisions to address ED crowding, such as promoting alternative care settings and improving coordination between EDs and primary care providers. Ethical considerations arise in managing ED resources effectively while ensuring timely and appropriate care for all patients.

Finally, end-of-life issues are addressed in the context of health care reform. The article highlights the importance of advance care planning and respecting patients’ choices regarding end-of-life care. The ACA includes provisions to improve access to palliative care and advance care planning, aiming to promote patient autonomy and ensure high-quality end-of-life care. However, ethical questions surrounding the provision of care at the end of life and the role of health care providers in decision-making arise.

In conclusion, health care reform introduced by the Affordable Care Act has sparked ethical debates on various issues in emergency medicine. These debates include discussions on moral foundations, cost containment, public health, access to care, ED crowding, and end-of-life issues. Addressing these concerns requires careful consideration of ethical principles and ensuring the provision of high-quality and equitable care for all individuals.

Within  each case study you must: give a summary of the case; answer the  questions provided; relate the case to a topic in the news, a piece of  legislation, or a chapter covered in your book. :  minimum two pages, double-spaced, 12pt Times New Roman font with 1″  margins in APA format to include a running head with page numbers, cover  page and references. A detailed grading guide has been provided on this  site or you can view the grading rubric.

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Title: “The Impact of Cybersecurity Threats on Financial Institutions”

Introduction

In today’s digital age, the financial sector has become increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats. As financial institutions rely more heavily on technology and interconnected networks, the likelihood and potential harm of attacks have intensified. This paper will examine two case studies to shed light on the consequences of cyber threats on financial institutions. The first case involves the cyber attack on JPMorgan Chase in 2014, while the second case focuses on the Bangladesh Bank cyber heist in 2016. By analyzing these incidents, we aim to understand the implications of cybersecurity threats on financial institutions and discuss the relevant legislation and steps taken to address these concerns.

Case Study 1: JPMorgan Chase Cyber Attack (2014)

Summary of the Case

In 2014, JPMorgan Chase, one of the largest financial institutions in the United States, fell victim to a massive cyber attack. The breach compromised personal data of approximately 76 million households and seven million small businesses. The attackers gained unauthorized access to the bank’s systems and extracted sensitive information such as names, addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses. Although no financial data or account information was compromised, the incident highlighted the vulnerability of financial institutions to cyber threats.

Key Questions

1. What were the consequences of the cyber attack on JPMorgan Chase?
2. How did JPMorgan Chase respond to the incident?
3. What cybersecurity legislation was in place at the time, if any?
4. How did the incident impact the financial industry as a whole?
5. What measures did JPMorgan Chase take to enhance cybersecurity after the attack?

Relevance to Current News/Legislation/Chapter

The JPMorgan Chase cyber attack case is relevant to several current developments in the realm of cybersecurity. First, it aligns with the surge in cyber attacks against financial institutions and highlights the magnitude of the threats faced by the industry. Second, it underscores the need for robust cybersecurity legislation and regulations to protect sensitive customer information in financial institutions. The case also relates to the chapter in our book that discusses the importance of cybersecurity in the financial sector, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to prevent cyber attacks.

Case Study 2: Bangladesh Bank Cyber Heist (2016)

Summary of the Case

In 2016, the Bangladesh Bank, the central bank of Bangladesh, experienced a cyber heist that resulted in a loss of US$81 million. The attackers used sophisticated malware to infiltrate the bank’s systems and obtain credentials that allowed them to transfer funds from the bank’s account at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to various overseas accounts. Although part of the stolen funds was recovered, the incident exposed vulnerabilities in the international financial system and raised concerns about the integrity of cross-border financial transactions.

Key Questions

1. What were the repercussions of the Bangladesh Bank cyber heist?
2. How did the international community respond to the incident?
3. What measures were taken to prevent similar attacks in the future?
4. How did this case impact the trust and confidence in the international financial system?
5. What legislative changes were brought about as a result of the cyber heist?

Relevance to Current News/Legislation/Chapter

The Bangladesh Bank cyber heist case is highly pertinent to current news, legislation, and the topics covered in our book. Firstly, it connects to ongoing discussions about the vulnerabilities of the global financial system and the urgency of strengthening security measures. Secondly, it highlights the need for international cooperation and coordination in combating cyber threats that transcend national borders. Lastly, it links to the chapter in our book that delves into the challenges of securing cross-border financial transactions and the importance of regulatory frameworks in mitigating risks.

Conclusion

The case studies of the JPMorgan Chase cyber attack and the Bangladesh Bank cyber heist demonstrate the severe consequences of cyber threats on financial institutions. These incidents have prompted the financial industry to reassess its cybersecurity measures and adopt proactive strategies to safeguard against such attacks. The associated legislation, news articles, and chapters covered in our book provide a comprehensive understanding of the implications and responses to such cyber threats in the financial sector.

: 1. Explicar las diferencias entre los dos tipos de medicamentos anti-sicóticos. 2. Explique lo que es el síndrome extrapiramidal. 3. Mencione dos ejemplos de los siguientes medicamentos: a. Anti-sicóticos (neurolépticos) b. Ansiolíticos c. Antidepresivos d. Estabilizadores de ánimo 4. Mencione seis (6) síntomas que sufren los pacientes a los cuales se les descontinúa abruptamente la terapia de benzodiacepinas. REFLEXION, CONCLUCIONES

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1) Las diferencias entre los dos tipos de medicamentos antipsicóticos, conocidos como típicos (clásicos) y atípicos, radican principalmente en su eficacia y en los efectos secundarios que producen.

Los antipsicóticos típicos o clásicos actúan principalmente bloqueando los receptores de dopamina D2 en el sistema nervioso central. Estos medicamentos son eficaces para controlar los síntomas positivos de la esquizofrenia, como alucinaciones y delirios. Sin embargo, pueden producir efectos secundarios más pronunciados, como la rigidez muscular o los movimientos involuntarios. Además, existe el riesgo de desarrollar el síndrome neuroléptico maligno, una afección grave pero poco frecuente que puede ser mortal.

Por otro lado, los antipsicóticos atípicos tienen una acción más selectiva sobre los receptores de dopamina, así como sobre otros neurotransmisores como la serotonina. Estos medicamentos son eficaces tanto para controlar los síntomas positivos como los negativos de la esquizofrenia. Además, presentan una menor incidencia de efectos secundarios motores, como el síndrome extrapiramidal, que mencionaremos más adelante. Sin embargo, pueden tener otros efectos secundarios, como aumento de peso, dislipidemia o diabetes.

2) El síndrome extrapiramidal es un conjunto de efectos secundarios motores que pueden ser causados por el uso de antipsicóticos, especialmente los típicos. Estos efectos secundarios se deben a la alteración del equilibrio entre la dopamina y otros neurotransmisores en el sistema motor.

Los síntomas más comunes del síndrome extrapiramidal incluyen:
– Acatisia: una sensación de inquietud y necesidad de moverse constantemente.
– Rigidez muscular: sensación de tensión y dificultad para moverse.
– Distonía: contracciones musculares involuntarias que pueden resultar en posturas anormales o dolorosas.
– Parkinsonismo inducido por medicación: síntomas similares a la enfermedad de Parkinson, como temblores, rigidez muscular y bradicinesia (movimientos lentos).
– Discinesia tardía: movimientos involuntarios y repetitivos, como chasquidos de labios, movimientos de lengua o movimientos coreiformes.

Estos síntomas pueden ser incómodos y afectar la calidad de vida del paciente. En algunos casos, el síndrome extrapiramidal puede ser reversible al suspender el medicamento, pero en otros casos puede ser irreversible, especialmente la discinesia tardía.

3) A continuación, mencionaré dos ejemplos de medicamentos de cada una de las siguientes categorías:

a. Antipsicóticos (neurolépticos): Ejemplos de antipsicóticos típicos incluyen la haloperidol y la clorpromazina. Ejemplos de antipsicóticos atípicos incluyen la olanzapina y la risperidona.

b. Ansiolíticos: Ejemplos de ansiolíticos incluyen el diazepam y el lorazepam.

APA format Week 3 Assignment: Ethical Decision Making and Hiring MGMT314: Week #3 Paper: 3-page BODY of the Paper For this assignment, you should focus on the reading material for week 3 AND use our library for research and support. The paper should focus on the following: The body of your paper: (3 Pages total BODY in length)-Your thoughts should be supported with relevant course content and library research.

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Ethical decision making plays a crucial role in the hiring process. As organizations strive to build teams that are not only skilled but also have high moral character, it is important to consider ethical principles in the hiring process. This paper will discuss the ethical considerations that should be taken into account when making hiring decisions.

One ethical consideration in hiring is fairness. Fairness implies treating all candidates equally and without bias. It is essential to establish fair and unbiased hiring practices to ensure that all candidates have an equal opportunity to showcase their skills and qualifications. This can be achieved by having a standardized hiring process, where all candidates are evaluated based on the same criteria, and there is no discrimination based on gender, race, religion, or any other irrelevant factors. Implementing fair hiring practices not only promotes equal opportunities but also helps in building a diverse and inclusive workforce.

Another ethical consideration in the hiring process is transparency. Transparency involves providing clear and honest information to the candidates about the job requirements, responsibilities, compensation, and the overall process. It is important to communicate all relevant information to the candidates so that they can make informed decisions. Transparent communication builds trust and ensures that candidates are not misled or deceived during the hiring process. Employers must provide accurate job descriptions, realistic expectations, and discuss any potential challenges or limitations associated with the position. This allows candidates to assess their fit and make informed decisions about whether or not to pursue the opportunity.

Additionally, ethical hiring practices should prioritize meritocracy. Meritocracy emphasizes hiring candidates based on their skills, qualifications, and abilities rather than any external factors such as personal connections or biases. By giving priority to merit, organizations ensure that the most qualified candidates are selected for the job. This not only benefits the organization by having a highly skilled workforce but also promotes a fair and just society where individuals are rewarded based on their capabilities rather than their background.

Furthermore, ethical considerations in hiring extend beyond the selection process. It is essential to provide equal opportunities for professional growth and development to all employees. This requires organizations to offer training, mentoring, and promotion opportunities based on merit rather than personal biases or favoritism. By creating a supportive and inclusive work environment, organizations can promote ethical behavior and ensure the long-term success and satisfaction of their employees.

One controversial ethical consideration in hiring is the use of pre-employment testing. While these tests can provide valuable insights into a candidate’s abilities and suitability for a position, they can also lead to discriminatory practices if not implemented properly. It is crucial for organizations to ensure that any pre-employment testing is fair, valid, reliable, and non-discriminatory. This involves conducting extensive research and validation studies to verify the effectiveness and neutrality of the tests. Additionally, organizations should consider using multiple assessment methods to provide a comprehensive and well-rounded evaluation of candidates.

In conclusion, ethical decision making in the hiring process is crucial for organizations to build a skilled and morally upright workforce. Fairness, transparency, meritocracy, and equal opportunities for growth and development are key ethical considerations that should be prioritized. Additionally, organizations should carefully consider the use of pre-employment testing to avoid any discriminatory practices. By adhering to ethical principles in hiring, organizations can create a positive work environment, promote equality, and ensure the long-term success of their employees and the organization as a whole.

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Select a global health issue affecting the international health community. Briefly describe the global health issue and its impact on the larger public health care systems (i.e., continents, regions, countries, states, and health departments). Discuss how health care delivery systems work collaboratively to address global health concerns and some of the stakeholders that work on these issues. Resources within your text covering international/global health, and the websites in the topic materials, will assist you in answering this discussion question. Due Date: Thursday 24

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The global health issue that I have chosen to discuss is the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and its impact on public health care systems. NCDs, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for the majority of deaths worldwide, accounting for around 71% of all deaths globally (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021a). While traditionally associated with high-income countries, NCDs are now increasingly prevalent in LMICs, posing a significant burden on their already strained public health care systems.

The impact of NCDs on public health care systems is multifaceted. Firstly, the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with these diseases place a tremendous strain on health care resources. Patients with NCDs often require long-term care, including medication, regular check-ups, and specialized treatments. These services can be expensive and are often not easily accessible in LMICs. As a result, individuals with NCDs in these countries may experience delayed or inadequate treatment, leading to poorer health outcomes and increased burden on health care systems.

Furthermore, the rising prevalence of NCDs also leads to increased demand for health care services. The burden of these diseases not only affects the direct care of NCD patients but also the overall capacity and functioning of health care systems. LMICs may struggle to meet the growing demand for NCD-related services, leading to longer waiting times, overcrowded health facilities, and overburdened health care professionals. This, in turn, may compromise the quality of care provided and further exacerbate health disparities within LMICs.

To address the global health issue of NCDs, health care delivery systems work collaboratively at multiple levels. At the international level, organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) play a crucial role in setting global health priorities, providing technical guidance, and advocating for policy changes. The WHO’s Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs provides a roadmap for countries to tackle this issue by promoting healthy lifestyles, strengthening health systems, and improving access to essential health services (WHO, 2021b).

At the regional and country levels, governments work towards implementing the WHO’s recommendations and tailoring them to their specific contexts. This may involve developing national policies and strategies for NCD prevention and control, integrating NCD management into primary health care systems, and promoting multi-sectoral collaborations to address risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, and harmful use of alcohol.

Numerous stakeholders are involved in addressing global NCD concerns. In addition to governments and international organizations, these include non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, health care professionals, civil society organizations, and the private sector. NGOs, such as the International Diabetes Federation and the American Cancer Society, work to raise awareness, mobilize resources, and provide support for individuals affected by NCDs. Academic institutions contribute through research and capacity-building initiatives, generating evidence to inform policies and implementing training programs for health care professionals. Health care professionals themselves play a vital role in NCD prevention, diagnosis, and management, providing essential care and education to their patients.

In conclusion, noncommunicable diseases pose a significant challenge to public health care systems, particularly in LMICs. The burden of NCDs imposes strain on resources, increases demand for health care services, and contributes to health disparities. However, health care delivery systems are working collaboratively to address this issue by implementing global strategies, tailoring interventions to local contexts, and engaging various stakeholders. Moving forward, continued efforts and investments are needed to strengthen health care systems, improve access to essential services, and mitigate the impact of NCDs on population health.