For this discussion, in three to four paragraphs, contrast two nursing models and theories found in your reading. Discuss how they are similar or different in the way the define/discuss health and wellness, illness, the client, the environment, and nursing. Summarize by selecting the one model or theory that aligns best with your beliefs and then describe how this would affect the way in which you would practice nursing. please use the following nursing model names: Roy adoption model and Imogene King
In the field of nursing, there exists a multitude of models and theories that define and guide the practice. Two prominent models often encountered in the literature are the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) and the Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment (TKGA). While both models aim to enhance nursing care and improve patient outcomes, they differ in their approach to defining health and wellness, illness, the client, the environment, and nursing. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for nurses to select the most suitable model for their practice.
The RAM, developed by Sister Callista Roy, is a conceptual framework that emphasizes the holistic nature of individuals and their ability to adapt to the environment. According to this model, health and wellness are seen as the integrated and harmonious functioning of the physiological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual aspects of an individual. Illness, on the other hand, is a disruption in these adaptive processes, leading to compromised functioning. The client is central to the RAM, and the model encourages nurses to assess and intervene based on the client’s unique adaptive abilities and needs. Furthermore, the environment is perceived as both internal and external, affecting the individual’s adaptation. Nursing, in the RAM, focuses on promoting adaptation by assessing and modifying the environment to facilitate optimal adaptation.
In contrast, Imogene King’s TKGA focuses on the attainment of mutually set goals between the nurse and the client. According to this theory, health and wellness are defined as the dynamic state that results from successful interaction between the individual and the environment. Illness is seen as a disturbance in this interactive process. The client is viewed as a dynamic being, possessing personal and interpersonal systems, with the potential for growth and development. The environment encompasses all factors influencing the client’s goals, and can include physical, interpersonal, and social aspects. Nursing, in the TKGA, is a process aimed at helping individuals and groups achieve their goals through goal-setting, interaction, and communication.
While RAM and TKGA share certain similarities, such as the recognition of the influence of the environment on health and the consideration of the client as central to the nursing process, significant differences exist between the two models. RAM adopts a broader perspective on health, considering multiple aspects of human existence, whereas TKGA focuses more narrowly on the achievement of mutually set goals. Additionally, RAM places more emphasis on individual adaptation, while TKGA highlights interpersonal interactions. From a nursing perspective, RAM promotes the modification of the environment for adaptive responses, while TKGA emphasizes goal attainment through communication and interaction.
From my understanding, the Roy Adaptation Model aligns more closely with my beliefs and would greatly influence my nursing practice. I resonate with the model’s holistic approach to health and wellness, acknowledging the intricate interplay between various aspects of human existence. By considering the physiological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual dimensions of an individual, I would strive to promote a comprehensive and personalized approach to patient care. Understanding illness as a disruption in adaptive processes would motivate me to assess and support patients in regaining their adaptive abilities, with a focus on promoting wellbeing in all dimensions.
In practice, adopting the RAM would influence the way I assess clients, as I would consider their unique adaptive responses to the environment. By identifying areas of maladaptation, I would design interventions aimed at improving their adaptive abilities and promoting optimal health outcomes. Additionally, I would consistently evaluate the effectiveness of environmental modifications in supporting adaptation and adjust care plans accordingly. This approach would foster a patient-centered nursing practice, promoting holistic wellness and personalized care.
In conclusion, the Roy Adaptation Model and Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment are two distinct nursing models with differing perspectives on health, wellness, illness, the client, the environment, and nursing. While both models aim to enhance nursing care, they diverge in their approach to these various aspects. Personally, the Roy Adaptation Model resonates with my beliefs and would greatly influence my nursing practice by promoting a holistic approach to patient care, focusing on adaptive responses to the environment, and striving for personalized interventions to support wellbeing.