1. Functional Specifications (including descriptions of Acto…
1. Functional Specifications (including descriptions of Actors/Roles; Business Rules; Use-Case Diagrams with Use-Case descriptions; Examples of Class Diagrams (related to particular Use Cases); Examples of Object Diagrams [related to the selected Class Diagrams]; Examples of Sequence Diagrams; Examples of Collaboration or Communication Diagrams; Examples of StateChart Diagrams);
Answer
Functional specifications are crucial in the development of a software system as they provide detailed descriptions of the system’s features and capabilities. This includes information about the various actors or roles involved, business rules, and diagrams that illustrate the system’s behavior and structure.
Actors or roles are entities outside the system that interact with it to achieve specific goals. These can be users, external systems, or other software components. Each actor has distinct responsibilities and interactions with the system. In the functional specifications, a detailed description of each actor’s attributes, behavior, and goals is provided.
Business rules are specific guidelines or constraints that govern the behavior and operations of the system. These rules can include validation requirements, calculation methods, or any other regulations that the system must adhere to. The functional specifications outline these rules in a clear and concise manner to ensure that the system is developed to meet business needs.
Use-case diagrams are used to depict the interactions between actors and the system. They provide a visual representation of the system’s functionality and the various scenarios in which it will be used. Each use case is described in detail, outlining the steps involved, the actors involved, and the expected outcomes. These use cases help in identifying what features are necessary for the system and provide a basis for testing and validation.
Class diagrams are used to describe the structure and relationships between the classes or objects within the system. In the functional specifications, examples of class diagrams related to specific use cases are provided. These diagrams illustrate the classes or objects involved in fulfilling a particular use case and the relationships between them. This helps in understanding the system’s underlying structure and the flow of data and control between different components.
Object diagrams are a variant of class diagrams, where actual instances or objects are depicted instead of classes. These diagrams provide a snapshot of the system at a specific point in time, showing the relationships and interactions between the objects. Examples of object diagrams related to the selected class diagrams are included in the functional specifications to provide a more granular understanding of the system’s behavior in different scenarios.
Sequence diagrams are used to illustrate the interactions between objects in a specific scenario or use case. They show the sequence of messages exchanged between objects and the order in which they occur. These diagrams help in understanding the flow of control and data during the execution of a use case.
Collaboration or communication diagrams are similar to sequence diagrams, but they focus more on the relationships and interactions between the objects rather than the sequence. They provide a high-level view of the collaboration between objects and the messages exchanged. Examples of collaboration or communication diagrams are included in the functional specifications to provide a holistic view of the system’s behavior in different scenarios.
StateChart diagrams are used to describe the state transitions and behavior of an object or system. These diagrams show the various states an object can be in and the events or conditions that trigger transitions between them. The functional specifications include examples of StateChart diagrams to illustrate the behavior of specific objects or system components in different scenarios.