Please follow the instruction carefully. APA stile. Mínimum three references Prepare a document with the definition or description of each of the key concepts that follow. The document must be written following the APA format and include the references used. Key Concepts 1. Public Health 2. Health Policy 3. Surveillance 4. Standards 5. Quality of Health 6. Outbreak 7. Illness 8. Mortality 9. Population
Public Health
Public health refers to the science and art of protecting and improving the health of communities through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities, and individuals. The goal of public health is to promote and maintain a healthy population, prevent diseases, prolong life, and improve the quality of life. Public health focuses on preventing health problems and addressing the social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to health disparities and inequities. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including surveillance, research, policy development, and health promotion.
Health Policy
Health policy refers to decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health goals within a society. It involves the development, implementation, and evaluation of laws, regulations, programs, and services aimed at improving the health of individuals and communities. Health policy can be formulated at various levels, including local, regional, national, and international. It includes policies related to healthcare delivery, funding, access, quality, and outcomes. Health policy is based on evidence, scientific research, and ethical considerations, and it is shaped by political, social, economic, and environmental factors.
Surveillance
Surveillance is the systematic and continuous collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data for the purpose of early detection, prevention, and control of diseases and other health events. It involves the ongoing monitoring of diseases, behaviors, risk factors, and health outcomes in a population. Surveillance data are used to identify trends, patterns, and disparities, and to inform the development and evaluation of public health programs and policies. Surveillance can be passive or active, and it can involve various methods, such as surveys, registries, electronic health records, and laboratory testing.
Standards
Standards refer to established guidelines, criteria, or requirements that define expectations for quality, safety, and performance. In the context of public health, standards are used to ensure consistency, accountability, and quality in the delivery of health services and programs. Standards can be developed by regulatory agencies, professional organizations, accrediting bodies, and other entities. They provide a framework for assessing and improving the quality of health services, promoting best practices, and protecting the health and safety of individuals and populations.
Quality of Health
Quality of health refers to the degree to which health services and interventions meet the needs of individuals and populations and are consistent with current knowledge and evidence. It encompasses various dimensions, including effectiveness, safety, timeliness, patient-centeredness, efficiency, and equity. Quality of health is influenced by a wide range of factors, such as access to care, resources, healthcare delivery systems, and patient-provider relationships. Improving the quality of health is a key goal of public health and healthcare organizations, and it requires the use of evidence-based practices, continuous monitoring and evaluation, and the involvement of patients and communities in decision-making.
Outbreak
In the context of public health, an outbreak refers to the occurrence of cases of a particular disease in a population, geographic area, or time period that is greater than what is normally expected. Outbreaks can be caused by infectious diseases, such as influenza or foodborne illnesses, or non-infectious conditions, such as chemical exposures or natural disasters. Outbreak investigations involve the identification of cases, the collection of epidemiological data, the determination of the source and mode of transmission, and the implementation of control measures to prevent further spread of the disease.
Illness
Illness refers to a person’s subjective experience of being unwell or experiencing symptoms of a disease or health condition. It is a personal and individual perception of health that can be influenced by various factors, such as culture, beliefs, and social context. Illness can range from minor symptoms to severe and debilitating conditions, and it can have physical, psychological, and social consequences. Understanding the experience of illness is important in healthcare and public health to provide appropriate care, support, and interventions to individuals and communities.
Mortality
Mortality refers to the number of deaths that occur in a population within a specified time period. It is a key indicator of the health status and well-being of a population and is often used to measure the burden of disease and the effectiveness of public health interventions. Mortality rates can be calculated for specific causes of death, age groups, geographic areas, and other factors. Mortality data are collected through death certificates, vital registration systems, and other sources, and they are used to inform public health policies, interventions, and resource allocation.