Create a care plan for a patient with visually impaired problem related to a history of diabetes: – Make sure you include all the phases of the nursing process – Provide a brief discharge planning – Give some teaching examples correlating with the teaching plan (e.g. Visual impairment). – Provide NANDA nursing diagnosis only. – Provide appropriate definition for the following terminology: – Vision acuity – Glaucoma – Retinal detachment – Macular deterioration – Cataracts – Explained the treatment of glaucoma.
Care Plan for a Patient with Visually Impaired Problem Related to a History of Diabetes
Introduction
This care plan focuses on a patient with visually impaired problems related to a history of diabetes. The patient’s visual impairment is a result of diabetic retinopathy, a common complication of diabetes. The care plan incorporates all phases of the nursing process, including assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Additionally, discharge planning and teaching examples related to visual impairment are included. The nursing diagnoses used in this care plan are based on the NANDA nursing diagnosis classification system.
Assessment Phase
During the assessment phase, the nurse collects relevant data to identify health problems and establish a nursing diagnosis. In this case, the nurse will assess the patient’s medical history, particularly focusing on the history of diabetes and its complications. The nurse will also collect data on the patient’s visual acuity, which refers to the clarity of the patient’s vision. Vision acuity is measured using a Snellen chart, with 20/20 indicating normal vision. Additionally, the nurse will assess for signs and symptoms of diabetic retinopathy, such as blurry vision, difficulty seeing at night, and floaters in the field of vision.
Nursing Diagnoses
Based on the assessment, the following NANDA nursing diagnoses are identified:
1. Risk for Injury related to decreased visual acuity and impaired depth perception.
Definition: The state in which an individual is at risk of harm because of a perceptual or physical deficit.
2. Impaired Physical Mobility related to decreased visual acuity and impaired balance.
Definition: The state in which an individual has limitations in physical movement due to decreased visual acuity and impaired balance.
3. Disturbed Sensory Perception related to the impaired visual acuity and decreased night vision.
Definition: The state in which an individual experiences a change in the amount or pattern of incoming stimuli, accompanied by a diminished, exaggerated, distorted, or impaired sense of visual stimuli.
Planning Phase
During the planning phase, the nurse identifies outcomes and interventions to address the identified nursing diagnoses. The goals of the care plan are:
1. To prevent injury and promote safety for the patient with decreased visual acuity.
2. To improve the patient’s physical mobility through adaptations and assistive devices.
3. To enhance the patient’s sensory perception and compensate for visual impairments.
Interventions
1. Risk for Injury:
– Provide education and guidance on home safety measures, such as removing tripping hazards and using adequate lighting.
– Encourage the use of mobility aids, such as a cane or walker, to improve balance and prevent falls.
– Collaborate with the healthcare team to address any underlying factors contributing to the visual impairment.
2. Impaired Physical Mobility:
– Collaborate with physical therapy to develop an exercise program tailored to the patient’s mobility needs.
– Provide information on adaptive equipment, such as handrails and grab bars, to assist the patient with safe movement.
– Encourage the patient to participate in regular physical activity to improve strength and balance.
3. Disturbed Sensory Perception:
– Teach the patient strategies for compensating for visual impairments, such as using large-print materials or magnifying devices.
– Encourage the use of assistive technologies, such as screen-reading software or magnifying apps on electronic devices.
– Collaborate with low-vision specialists or occupational therapists to provide further support for managing visual impairments.
Evaluation Phase
During the evaluation phase, the nurse assesses the patient’s response to the implemented interventions and determines the effectiveness of the care plan. Regular follow-up assessments and ongoing communication with the patient are essential to evaluate the progress and modify interventions as needed.
Discharge Planning
Upon discharge, it is essential to ensure that the patient has access to necessary resources and support for managing their visual impairment. The nurse should provide referrals to low-vision clinics, support groups, and community resources that offer services for visually impaired individuals. Additionally, the patient should be educated about the importance of regular follow-up appointments with ophthalmologists and diabetic specialists to monitor and manage their diabetes and its complications.
Teaching Examples
To facilitate the patient’s understanding and adaptation to visual impairment, the nurse can provide teaching examples related to visual impairment. These teaching examples may include:
1. Teaching the patient how to use adaptive technologies, such as screen-reading software or magnification tools.
2. Demonstrating techniques for organizing and labeling medications, using tactile markers or audio reminders to assist with medication management.
3. Providing guidance on accessing auditory resources, such as audiobooks and podcasts, to supplement reading materials.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this care plan for a patient with visually impaired problems related to a history of diabetes encompasses all phases of the nursing process. The plan includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. It highlights the importance of addressing the patient’s risk for injury, impaired physical mobility, and disturbed sensory perception. By providing appropriate interventions and teaching examples, the nurse can support the patient in managing their visual impairment effectively.