Critique quality of the literature reviews conducted for two different types of studies- a quantitative and qualitative research. • Identify and discuss the research questions, sampling and sampling sizes, research designs (qualitative vs. quantitative), hypothesis, data collection methods, and research findings. • Discuss the credibility of the sources and the research/researchers findings. • 400-word minimum/550-word maximum without the references.

The quality of literature reviews plays a crucial role in the research process as it provides a foundation upon which researchers build their studies. In assessing the quality of literature reviews conducted for quantitative and qualitative research studies, several factors need to be considered. These factors include the research questions, sampling and sampling sizes, research designs, hypothesis, data collection methods, and research findings. Additionally, the credibility of the sources and the research/researchers’ findings must also be evaluated. In this critique, we will explore each of these components for both types of studies.

1. Research Questions:
The research questions in quantitative and qualitative studies differ due to the nature of the research design. Quantitative studies typically have clear and focused research questions that aim to investigate the relationship between variables or determine the effect of an intervention. In contrast, qualitative studies tend to have broader, exploratory research questions that aim to understand phenomena, experiences, or social processes.

2. Sampling and Sampling Sizes:
In quantitative research, sampling is often based on probability sampling techniques to ensure representativeness. The sample sizes are determined using statistical power calculations to achieve adequate statistical power. This enables researchers to generalize their findings to a larger population. On the other hand, qualitative studies often employ purposeful sampling techniques, such as maximum variation or snowball sampling, to select participants who can provide rich and diverse perspectives. Sample sizes in qualitative research tend to be smaller but are determined based on data saturation, which means that new information is no longer being revealed.

3. Research Designs:
Quantitative research designs are characterized by the use of structured data collection instruments, such as surveys or questionnaires, and the analysis of numerical data using statistical methods. These designs allow researchers to make inferences about causality and test hypotheses. In contrast, qualitative research designs employ flexible, open-ended data collection methods, such as interviews or observations, and rely on the researcher’s interpretation and analysis of textual or visual data. They aim to generate rich, contextualized descriptions and explanations of phenomena.

4. Hypothesis:
Quantitative research often involves the formulation of specific hypotheses that can be tested using statistical analysis. These hypotheses are derived from existing theoretical frameworks and the prior literature. In qualitative research, hypotheses are not typically formulated in advance but may emerge during data collection and analysis. They are generated based on the themes or patterns identified in the data and guide further exploration.

5. Data Collection Methods:
Quantitative research relies on standardized data collection methods to ensure consistency and minimize bias. These methods include structured interviews, questionnaires, or measurements. Qualitative research, on the other hand, employs in-depth interviews, focus groups, or observations to collect rich, detailed data. These methods allow researchers to capture participants’ subjective experiences and perspectives.

6. Research Findings:
Quantitative research findings are often presented in the form of statistical summaries and associations between variables. These findings are generally objective and generalizable to the population under study. In qualitative research, findings are presented as narrative descriptions, themes, or patterns that emerge from the data. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the research topic but are specific to the context of the study and may not be generalizable.

7. Credibility of Sources and Findings:
In evaluating the credibility of sources, it is essential to consider the reputation and expertise of the authors, the methodology employed, and the transparency of their research process. Peer-reviewed journals and reputable academic conferences are typically reliable sources. To assess the credibility of research findings, it is important to consider the rigor of the research design, the alignment between the research questions and the findings, and the researcher’s reflexivity and transparency in acknowledging potential biases or limitations.

In conclusion, the quality of literature reviews for quantitative and qualitative research studies can be assessed based on the research questions, sampling and sampling sizes, research designs, hypothesis, data collection methods, research findings, and the credibility of sources and findings. Each of these components differs between the two types of studies due to their distinct approaches and aims. By critically evaluating these aspects, researchers can ensure the robustness and validity of their literature reviews and subsequent research endeavors.