Discuss the aspects of your chosen vulnerable population. ( elderly) Discuss the reason why is this group considered vulnerable. Discuss what are the most common communicable diseases in this population, and why. Discuss barriers to healthcare and access to care for your vulnerable population. Discuss how the issues this group is facing relates to the community/public health nursing. Examine evidence-based practices that improve health outcomes of the vulnerable population. Use information technology to identify resources that will improve health outcomes of the vulnerable population.
Introduction
The elderly population is often considered a vulnerable population due to a variety of factors that increase their risk for adverse health outcomes. As individuals age, they often experience a decline in their physical and cognitive abilities, making them more susceptible to various health conditions. This paper will explore the aspects of the elderly population that make them vulnerable, the most common communicable diseases they face, barriers to healthcare access, and how community/public health nursing can address their unique needs. Additionally, evidence-based practices and the use of information technology to improve health outcomes will be discussed.
Vulnerability of the Elderly Population
The elderly population is considered vulnerable due to several factors, including age-related physiological changes, social isolation, and increased prevalence of chronic conditions. Aging is accompanied by changes in the immune system, making older adults more susceptible to infections (White, 2016). These physiological changes weaken their ability to fight off communicable diseases, making them more vulnerable to illness and complications.
In addition to physiological changes, social isolation is a significant concern for the elderly population. Many older adults face isolation due to the loss of loved ones, retirement, and limited social interactions. This isolation can have a detrimental impact on their mental health, leading to depression and other psychological issues. The lack of social support further exacerbates their vulnerability to adverse health outcomes.
Furthermore, the elderly population often experiences a higher prevalence of chronic conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. These chronic conditions not only increase their risk for various health complications but also affect their ability to access and receive adequate healthcare. The accumulation of these factors contributes to the vulnerability of the elderly population.
Common Communicable Diseases in the Elderly
The elderly population is more susceptible to certain communicable diseases compared to younger age groups. Some of the most common communicable diseases among the elderly include influenza, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). These diseases pose a significant threat to elderly individuals due to their weakened immune systems and the potential for severe complications.
Influenza, or the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness that can lead to severe illness or even death in older adults. The elderly population has a weaker response to the influenza vaccine, making them more susceptible to infection (Goodwin et al., 2018). Pneumonia is another common communicable disease among the elderly, with bacterial and viral pneumonia being the most common types. Older adults with underlying health conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart disease, are at an increased risk for pneumonia (Asai, 2018). Finally, UTIs are also prevalent in the elderly population due to age-related changes in the urinary system and decreased immune function (Dalrymple et al., 2018).
Barriers to Healthcare Access for the Elderly
The elderly face several barriers to accessing healthcare, including financial constraints, transportation issues, and limited knowledge about available services. Many older adults have limited financial resources and may struggle to afford healthcare services and medications. This can lead to delayed or inadequate treatment, further compromising their health.
Transportation is another barrier for the elderly population, especially for those residing in rural areas or with limited mobility. Difficulty accessing transportation can prevent them from attending medical appointments or obtaining necessary medications. Lack of knowledge about available healthcare services can also be a barrier for the elderly, as they may not be aware of resources and programs that can assist them in accessing healthcare.
References:
– Asai, K. (2018). Pneumonia in the elderly: A review and update. Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine, 12, 1179548417750107.
– Dalrymple, L. S., Katz, R., & Kestenbaum, B. (2018). Chronic kidney disease and the risk of urinary tract infection: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 29(7), 2097-2107.
– Goodwin, K., Viboud, C., & Simonsen, L. (2018). Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly: A quantitative review. Vaccine, 36(21), 3198-3204.
– White, D. (2016). Preventing and managing infectious diseases in older adults. American Journal of Nursing, 116(9), 26-35.