: Evidence-based practice as it relates to population-based nursing combines clinical practice and public health through the use of population health sciences in clinical practice (Heller & Page, 2002). Epidemiology is the science of public health. In addition, the focus of population-based care is on populations at risk, comparison groups, and demographic factors (Curley & Vitale, 2012).
Evidence-based practice is an approach to healthcare that integrates the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences in order to inform decision-making and improve patient outcomes (Sackett et al., 1996). It involves critically appraising and using the best available evidence from research studies, clinical guidelines, and patient preferences to guide the delivery of care.
In the context of population-based nursing, evidence-based practice takes on a broader perspective, incorporating principles from both clinical practice and public health. Population-based nursing focuses on the health and well-being of entire populations, with the aim of improving health outcomes and reducing health inequities (Youngblut et al., 2019). It takes into account the social, economic, and environmental determinants that influence health, and seeks to address these factors through targeted interventions and policies.
Population health sciences, including epidemiology, play a critical role in evidence-based practice in population-based nursing. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations, and the application of this knowledge to control health problems (Porta, 2014). Epidemiological research provides valuable information on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of various health conditions, helping to identify priority areas for intervention.
By integrating clinical practice with population health sciences, evidence-based practice in population-based nursing allows nurses to adopt a holistic approach to patient care. It recognizes that individuals are not isolated from their social and physical environments, and that health outcomes are influenced by a complex interplay of factors at individual, community, and societal levels.
In population-based nursing, the focus of care is not only on individual patients, but also on populations at risk. This includes vulnerable populations such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, and those with limited access to healthcare services (Curley & Vitale, 2012). By examining the health needs and disparities within specific populations, nurses can tailor interventions to address the unique challenges faced by these groups.
Comparison groups are also an important consideration in population-based care. By comparing health outcomes and interventions across different populations or subgroups, nurses can identify effective strategies for improving population health. This involves analyzing data and research findings to determine which interventions are most successful in achieving desired health outcomes.
Demographic factors, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status, are another key aspect of population-based nursing. These factors influence health behaviors, access to healthcare, and the overall health status of individuals and populations. By considering demographic factors in practice, nurses can develop targeted interventions and policies that address the specific needs of different population groups.
In conclusion, evidence-based practice in population-based nursing integrates clinical practice and public health principles. It involves using the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide decision-making and improve patient outcomes. Population health sciences, particularly epidemiology, play a critical role in informing evidence-based practice. By focusing on populations at risk, comparison groups, and demographic factors, nurses can design targeted interventions and policies that address the unique health needs of specific populations. This approach to nursing practice allows for a more comprehensive and holistic approach to care, with the goal of improving health outcomes and reducing health inequities. Continued research and integration of evidence-based practice in population-based nursing is essential to advance the field and promote health and well-being for all.