For this discussion, in three to four paragraphs, contrast two nursing models and theories found in your reading. Discuss how they are similar or different in the way the define/discuss health and wellness, illness, the client, the environment, and nursing. Summarize by selecting the one model or theory that aligns best with your beliefs and then describe how this would affect the way in which you would practice nursing.
In the field of nursing, various models and theories have been developed to guide the practice, providing a framework for understanding and addressing the complex needs of individuals, families, and communities. Two commonly encountered models and theories are the Biopsychosocial Model and the Health-Promotion Model. While both models aim to enhance health and well-being, they differ in their emphasis on certain concepts and their approach to nursing practice.
The Biopsychosocial Model, first introduced by George Engel in the 1970s, recognizes that health and illness are influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. This model provides a comprehensive approach to understanding human health, emphasizing the interplay between biological, psychological, and social elements. It views health as a dynamic process influenced by complex interactions among these three dimensions. The Biopsychosocial Model acknowledges that illness can arise from imbalances in any of these areas and recognizes the importance of addressing all aspects when providing care.
In contrast, the Health-Promotion Model, developed by Nola Pender, focuses on empowering individuals to take control of their health and make informed decisions that promote wellness. This model emphasizes the role of personal factors, such as individual beliefs and values, in determining health-related behaviors. It highlights the significance of individual characteristics, such as self-efficacy and perceived benefits, in influencing health behaviors. The Health-Promotion Model places greater emphasis on individuals’ ability to make positive lifestyle changes and advocates for the provision of information and resources to support these changes.
While both models acknowledge the importance of addressing the social and psychological aspects of health, the Biopsychosocial Model takes a more comprehensive approach by considering the biological dimension as well. It recognizes that physical well-being is intricately connected to mental and social well-being and that all these dimensions must be addressed to achieve optimal health outcomes. On the other hand, the Health-Promotion Model places a stronger emphasis on individuals’ personal determinants of health, such as their beliefs and motivation.
In terms of the client, the Biopsychosocial Model views the client as an integrated whole, with biological, psychological, and social dimensions that are interconnected and influence each other. This model recognizes the uniqueness of each individual’s health experiences and the importance of holistic care that addresses all dimensions. However, the Health-Promotion Model views the client as an active agent in their health promotion, focusing on their motivations and beliefs. It emphasizes empowering the client to make informed decisions and take responsibility for their health.
Regarding the environment, the Biopsychosocial Model recognizes that individuals exist within various social, cultural, and physical contexts that can impact their health. It highlights the importance of addressing these environmental factors and their potential effects on health and well-being. In contrast, the Health-Promotion Model considers the environment more broadly, including the availability of resources and support systems that can facilitate or hinder health-promoting behaviors.
Finally, in terms of nursing, both models acknowledge the role of nurses in promoting health and well-being. The Biopsychosocial Model emphasizes the need for a comprehensive assessment that considers all dimensions of health, enabling nurses to develop individualized care plans. It advocates for collaboration, interdisciplinary teamwork, and the integration of various healthcare disciplines to provide holistic care. The Health-Promotion Model highlights the importance of nurses as educators and resources, providing individuals with the information and support needed to make positive health choices. It emphasizes the need for nurses to work in partnership with clients, facilitating their self-efficacy and promoting their autonomy.
Reflecting on my own beliefs and values, I align more closely with the Biopsychosocial Model. I believe that health is multifaceted and influenced by various factors, including biological, psychological, and social aspects. By adopting this model in my nursing practice, I would prioritize understanding clients’ unique experiences and addressing all dimensions of health. I would work collaboratively with interdisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care that considers the physical, psychological, and social aspects of health. Additionally, I would strive to create a supportive environment for clients that promotes their well-being and empowers them to take an active role in their healthcare journey.