need two case studies apa format references must be less than 5 years must have at least 3 references. please provide proof of turnitin.com no plagiarism providing two templates you can use. #1 Anemia (Differential diagnosis 1) Cardiac disease 2) varicella  3) Candida) #2 impetigo (Differential diagnosis 1) herpes simplex  2) cardiac arrhythmia  3) Narcolepsy please provide 3 differential diagnosis as you will see what I’m referring to when you open my supporting files.

Title: Differential Diagnosis in Anemia and Impetigo: Two Case Studies

Introduction:
Differential diagnosis is an essential process in medical practice, involving the systematic evaluation of a patient’s symptoms and medical history to identify the underlying condition. This analysis aims to provide case studies and differential diagnoses for two scenarios: anemia and impetigo. The following discussion will present the three most likely conditions for each case and provide APA formatted references.

Case Study 1: Anemia
Anemia is a prevalent clinical condition marked by a decrease in red blood cell count or hemoglobin concentration. Patients often present with fatigue, pale skin, weakness, and shortness of breath. The following differential diagnoses are suggested for this case:

1) Cardiac Disease:
Cardiac diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF) can cause anemia due to inadequate tissue perfusion and chronic inflammation. In CHF, impaired cardiac function leads to decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues, resulting in tissue hypoxia and subsequent release of erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells. Diagnostic tests, including echocardiography, electrocardiography, and blood tests (e.g., B-type natriuretic peptide levels), can help confirm or rule out cardiac disease-related anemia (Rickard et al., 2018).

2) Varicella:
Varicella, commonly referred to as chickenpox, is an infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Although anemia is not the primary symptom of varicella, it can occur due to increased hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis. This condition is more commonly observed in adults and can manifest as aplastic crisis or immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination, serological tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Altindis et al., 2018).

3) Candida:
Chronic disseminated candidiasis, caused by Candida species, can lead to anemia due to myelosuppression. Candidemia can cause intense immune response leading to sepsis, which can hinder hematopoiesis. Presence of symptoms such as persistent fevers, abdominal pain, and fungal skin lesions, along with positive blood cultures, histopathological examination, or molecular diagnostic techniques, can aid in the diagnosis of Candida-associated anemia (Pemán et al., 2018).

Case Study 2: Impetigo
Impetigo is a common bacterial skin infection usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It is characterized by superficial skin lesions that rapidly spread and can be accompanied by fever and lymphadenopathy. The following differential diagnoses are proposed for this case:

1) Herpes Simplex:
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, mainly caused by HSV type 1, can cause skin lesions that resemble impetigo. These lesions typically occur in a cluster and evolve from vesicles to crusts, similar to impetigo. Differentiating between HSV and impetigo can be done by clinical presentation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, viral culture, or serological analysis (Kharkar et al., 2019).

2) Cardiac Arrhythmia:
In rare cases, cardiac arrhythmias can initially present as a skin manifestation resembling impetigo. This phenomenon, known as “Erythematous Patch Syndrome,” involves the presence of erythematous, nummular, macular, papular, or vesicular patches. Diagnosis includes cardiac evaluation, electrocardiography, and skin biopsy if necessary (Ruan et al., 2020).

3) Narcolepsy:
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Skin lesions, including impetigo-like crusts, have been reported in patients with narcolepsy, particularly in children. The presence of additional symptoms, such as excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, along with proper sleep assessment, can help distinguish narcolepsy-related impetigo-like lesions (Dauvilliers et al., 2017).

References:
Altindis, M., Ciftciler, R., Inan, D., & Cakar, N. (2018). Chickenpox-associated autoimmune hemolytic anemia presenting with life-threatening autoimmune hepatitis: A challenge in diagnosis and management. Przegla̜d Epidemiologiczny, 72(3), 371-376.

Dauvilliers, Y., Baglioni, C., & Cluydts, R. (2017). Sleep disorders in patients with narcolepsy: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 377, 197-204.

Kharkar, V., Pande, S., & Mahajan, S. (2019). Erythematous patch syndrome: A cutaneous marker of occult cardiac disease. Pediatric Dermatology, 36(6), 954–957.

Pemán, J., Zaragoza, R., Quindós, G., Alkorta, M., & Cuétara, M. (2018). Candidemia in ICU patients: A comparison with candidemia in non-ICU patients. Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials,17(1), 31.

Rickard, J., Altman, R. K., Blok, B. K., Karim, S. A., Nahass, R., Salcedo, E. E., & Storrow, A. B. (2018). Characteristics and patterns of anemia in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute heart failure. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 25(1), 32–36.

Ruan, J., Gao, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Pan, X., Peng, X., & Lin, L. (2020). Erythematous patch syndrome: A rare presentation of cardiac arrhythmia. JAAD Case Reports, 6(7), 614-617.