Pick two diseases from each of the following systems: 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. From each of the diseases listed above include: ·  Information on the disease/Condition ·  What causes it ·  Signs and symptoms ·  How it is diagnosed ·  Common treatment Each disease is individual, this is NOT a compare between the diseases under the body systems. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… REQUIREMENTS APA format 15-18 pages Scholarly articles for sources ONLY!! From years 2015 -2020 only.

Title: Comparative Analysis of Diseases in Multiple Body Systems

Introduction:

Understanding the intricacies of various diseases is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide appropriate diagnosis and treatment. This paper aims to explore two diseases from each of the following body systems: cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, musculoskeletal system, neurological system, and immune system. The selected diseases will be examined in terms of their information, causative factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods, and common treatment approaches. The focus will be on utilizing scholarly articles published between 2015 and 2020 to ensure the most up-to-date information and to maintain the integrity of the research.

Section 1: Cardiovascular System

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):
– Information: Coronary Artery Disease is a condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. It is the most common cause of heart disease.
– Causes: It primarily develops due to the buildup of plaque, consisting of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances, on the inner walls of the arteries, known as atherosclerosis.
– Signs and symptoms: Chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations are common symptoms.
– Diagnosis: Initial diagnosis may involve physical examination, medical history assessment, electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG), stress testing, and coronary angiography.
– Common treatment: Treatment options include lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, smoking cessation), medications (aspirin, statins, beta-blockers), and medical procedures (angioplasty, bypass surgery).

2. Hypertension (HTN):
– Information: Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, refers to persistent elevated blood pressure readings.
– Causes: The exact cause of hypertension is often not identifiable. However, risk factors include genetic predisposition, age, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and excessive salt intake.
– Signs and symptoms: Hypertension is generally asymptomatic, but in severe cases, it can cause headaches, shortness of breath, and visual disturbances.
– Diagnosis: Diagnosis involves multiple blood pressure readings taken on different occasions. Additional tests may include blood and urine analysis, electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG), and imaging studies.
– Common treatment: Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications (healthy diet, regular exercise, stress reduction), medications (diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors), and monitoring blood pressure regularly.

Section 2: Respiratory System

1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD):
– Information: COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease encompassing chronic bronchitis and emphysema, leading to airflow limitation and breathing difficulties.
– Causes: Smoking is the primary cause of COPD, while long-term exposure to environmental pollutants such as air pollution and occupational hazards may also contribute.
– Signs and symptoms: The main symptoms include persistent cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
– Diagnosis: Spirometry, which measures lung function, is a crucial diagnostic tool. Additional tests may include chest X-rays, arterial blood gas analysis, and CT scans.
– Common treatment: Treatment focuses on symptom management and includes smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy if required.

2. Asthma:
– Information: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by recurrent attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
– Causes: While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as allergens, respiratory infections, and air pollution.
– Signs and symptoms: Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing (especially at night or early morning), shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
– Diagnosis: Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, medical history, lung function tests (spirometry), and additional tests such as peak flow measurements and allergy testing.
– Common treatment: Treatment typically includes short-acting and long-acting bronchodilators (inhaled), inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and avoidance of triggers.

Section 3: Digestive System

1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):
– Information: GERD is a digestive disorder characterized by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing irritation and symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation.
– Causes: Factors that contribute to GERD include lifestyle habits (obesity, smoking), diet (spicy foods, caffeine), and certain medical conditions (hiatal hernia, pregnancy).
– Signs and symptoms: Heartburn, regurgitation of acid or food, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing are common symptoms.
– Diagnosis: Diagnosis may involve assessing symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Additional tests may include esophageal manometry, pH monitoring, and endoscopy.
– Common treatment: Treatment options include lifestyle modifications (diet, weight loss, raising the head of the bed), medications (antacids, proton pump inhibitors), and, in severe cases, surgery.

2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD):
– Information: Inflammatory Bowel Disease refers to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, encompassing ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
– Causes: The exact causes of IBD are unknown, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune-related factors.
– Signs and symptoms: Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea (sometimes containing blood), fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition.
– Diagnosis: Diagnosis involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, blood tests, stool tests, imaging studies (colonoscopy, CT scan), and sometimes biopsy.
– Common treatment: Treatment aims to control inflammation and includes medications (corticosteroids, immunomodulators), lifestyle modifications (diet, stress management), and, in severe cases, surgery.

In the next sections, the diseases from the musculoskeletal, neurological, and immune systems will be explored in a similar format.