Select a medication used in evidence-based treatment guidelines for the condition chosen in the first discussion question. Share the mechanism of action of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions of which one should be aware. . Include the name of the medication in the subject line so that the medications can be followed. 2 pages -Include your references in APA style. Purchase the answer to view it
Medication Used in Evidence-Based Treatment Guidelines for Hypertension
Introduction:
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke. According to evidence-based treatment guidelines, pharmacological interventions are often necessary to manage hypertension and prevent associated complications. One medication recommended in these guidelines is lisinopril, a commonly prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. This medication has been extensively studied and proven effective in managing hypertension. This paper will discuss the mechanism of action of lisinopril, along with monitoring, side effects, and drug interactions that should be considered when prescribing this medication.
Mechanism of Action:
Lisinopril acts as an ACE inhibitor, specifically inhibiting the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and also stimulates aldosterone release. By blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, lisinopril reduces vasoconstriction, leading to vasodilation and subsequent decreases in blood pressure. This mechanism of action is particularly important in the management of hypertension, as it helps to relax and widen blood vessels, thus reducing the overall pressure on the arterial walls.
Monitoring:
When prescribing lisinopril, it is essential to monitor blood pressure regularly to ensure it is effectively lowering and maintaining within the target range. Initial monitoring should include baseline blood pressure measurements, as well as assessment of renal function and electrolyte levels. Periodic monitoring of renal function, potassium levels, and blood pressure levels should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lisinopril therapy.
Side Effects:
Lisinopril is generally well-tolerated, but like any medication, it can have side effects. Common side effects include cough, dizziness, headache, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting. These symptoms are usually mild and transient, but if they persist or become severe, the healthcare provider should be notified. It is important to note that cough associated with lisinopril is a class effect of ACE inhibitors and may resolve upon discontinuation or may require alternative therapy. Additionally, although rare, lisinopril can cause angioedema, a potentially life-threatening swelling of the face, lips, throat, or tongue. Therefore, patients should be educated about the signs and symptoms of angioedema and instructed to seek immediate medical attention if they occur.
Drug Interactions:
When prescribing lisinopril, it is crucial to be aware of potential drug interactions to avoid adverse outcomes or reduced effectiveness. Lisinopril should not be used concomitantly with other ACE inhibitors, as it can increase the risk of severe hypotension. Concurrent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen or naproxen, may reduce the antihypertensive effects of lisinopril and can also increase the risk of renal impairment. Moreover, lisinopril can potentiate the effects of medications that cause hyperkalemia, such as potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements, thereby increasing the risk of elevated potassium levels. Therefore, healthcare providers should carefully review the patient’s medication profile and consider potential drug interactions before prescribing lisinopril.
In summary, lisinopril is an evidence-based medication recommended for the treatment of hypertension. Its mechanism of action as an ACE inhibitor promotes vasodilation and decreases blood pressure. When prescribing lisinopril, healthcare providers should monitor blood pressure regularly, assess renal function and electrolyte levels, and educate patients about potential side effects and drug interactions. Overall, lisinopril is well-tolerated and effective in managing hypertension when used appropriately under medical supervision. However, as with any medication, individual patient characteristics, co-morbidities, and drug interactions should be considered when making treatment decisions.