Theories describe and explain what happens during development. Theories also offer a way of trying to predict behavior. Often theories can be used to understand the people with whom we are closest. For example, Erikson’s 8 Stages might help you understand why your teenage son cares more about his friend’s opinion than your perspective. For this discussion, think about different development theories and select one:
Theories of human development serve as valuable frameworks for understanding the complex processes and patterns that occur throughout an individual’s lifespan. They provide explanations for various psychological, cognitive, and social changes that occur as people grow and mature. Furthermore, they offer insights into how individuals’ behaviors can be predicted based on their developmental stage. By examining different development theories, we can gain a deeper understanding of the people around us, including those closest to us.
When selecting a development theory for discussion, many well-established theories come to mind, such as Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory, and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory. However, for the purpose of this discussion, I will focus on Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory. Erikson’s theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the various stages of human development from infancy to old age, with an emphasis on the social and emotional aspects of growth.
According to Erikson’s theory, individuals face different psychosocial crises at each stage of development. These crises involve conflicts between two opposing forces, such as trust versus mistrust, identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, and generativity versus stagnation, among others. Successfully resolving these crises leads to the development of key virtues and positive personality traits, while unresolved conflicts can result in psychological difficulties and maladaptive behaviors.
For example, during adolescence (the stage of identity versus role confusion), individuals are faced with the task of developing a clear sense of self and a coherent identity. This involves exploring different roles, values, and beliefs and making choices that align with one’s sense of identity. Failure to do so may lead to confusion, lack of direction, and an inability to establish meaningful relationships.
By applying Erikson’s theory, we can better understand why a teenage son may prioritize the opinions of his peers over those of his parents. Adolescents at this stage are driven to establish their own identities and seek acceptance from their peers. They are more likely to experiment with different social groups and values in an effort to define themselves. Therefore, it is not uncommon for teenagers to prioritize the opinions and validation of their friends, as they are instrumental in shaping their developing identities.
Erikson’s theory also highlights the importance of social interaction and relationships in human development. According to Erikson, individuals develop a sense of trust or mistrust during infancy based on their experiences with caregivers. This early stage lays the foundation for later stages of development, as individuals continue to seek and form meaningful relationships throughout their lives.
In conclusion, theories of human development provide us with valuable insights into the processes and patterns that occur throughout an individual’s lifespan. By examining different theories, we can better understand the people closest to us and the factors that influence their behavior. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the social and emotional aspects of growth. Through this theory, we can gain insights into the unique challenges and experiences individuals face at each stage of development, leading to a deeper understanding of ourselves and the people around us.