This defense in depth discussion scenario is an intentiona…
This defense in depth discussion scenario is an intentional cybersecurity attack on the water utility’s SCADA system. It occurs during the fall after a dry summer in Fringe City. The water utility’s Information Technology (IT) person did not receive an expected pay raise and decides to reprogram the SCADA system to shut off the high-lift pumps. The operator’s familiarity with the SCADA system allows him to reprogram the alarms that typically notify operators of a high-lift pump failure. In addition, he prevents access to the SCADA system by others. A wildfire breaks out on the outskirts of the city. Please identify what type(s) of new countermeasures should have been implemented to prevent this cyber attack from occurring
To prevent the cyber attack scenario described in the given scenario, several types of new countermeasures should have been implemented. Some potential countermeasures include:
1. Access Control: Implementing strong access control measures would prevent the IT person or any unauthorized individuals from gaining unauthorized access to the SCADA system. This could be done by using robust authentication mechanisms, such as two-factor authentication, strong passwords, and regular password updates. Additionally, implementing strict role-based access controls would ensure that only authorized personnel have access to critical systems.
2. Network Segmentation: By dividing the SCADA network into smaller, isolated segments, the potential impact of a cyber attack can be limited. This would involve placing firewalls and implementing virtual local area networks (VLANs) to restrict communication between different network segments. By segmenting the network, the IT person’s ability to reprogram the SCADA system and prevent access by others can be mitigated.
3. Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS): Installing IDPS technologies would help detect and prevent unauthorized actions on the SCADA system. These systems monitor network traffic and can alert administrators to any suspicious activities or attempts to tamper with the system. By promptly identifying and stopping anomalous behavior, the attack described in the scenario could potentially have been prevented or mitigated.
4. System Monitoring and Logging: Implementing comprehensive system monitoring and logging capabilities would allow administrators to track activities and identify any unauthorized access or changes made to the SCADA system. Monitoring tools such as Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems can provide real-time alerts and log analysis, aiding in the detection of potential cyber attacks.
5. Regular Patching and System Updates: Keeping the SCADA system up-to-date with the latest patches and security updates is crucial to mitigate potential vulnerabilities. Regularly updating the system’s software and firmware can address known security flaws and improve resilience against common attack vectors.
6. Employee Training and Awareness: Providing regular training and awareness programs to employees, including the IT person, can help them understand the importance of cybersecurity and the potential consequences of their actions. This can promote a security-conscious culture within the organization and deter individuals from attempting unauthorized actions.
By implementing these countermeasures, the water utility could have significantly reduced the likelihood and impact of the cyber attack scenario described. It is important to apply a defense in depth approach, where multiple layers of security controls are implemented, to ensure that any single weakness or vulnerability does not expose the entire system to potential exploitation.