THIS IS A GRADUATE NURSE PRATRITIONER PROGRAM.  REPORT MUST BE OF GRADUATE LEVEL AND STANDARD WITH APPROPRIATE REFERENCE WITHIN 5 YEARS AND 7TH EDITION APA STYLE . MINIMUM OF 250 WORDS or all part of question asked in sub topic WITH AT LEAST 2 PEER REVIEW REFERENCE What happens in the heart during ventricular diastole? What chambers relax and allow blood to fill the chamber? Which chambers contract and push blood out of the chamber? What valves are open during diastole? What valves are closed?

During ventricular diastole, the heart undergoes a phase of relaxation and refilling in preparation for the next contraction. This phase involves a series of events that occur simultaneously in different chambers of the heart. In order to understand what happens during ventricular diastole, it is important to examine the actions of the different chambers and the status of the valves.

The chambers that relax and allow blood to fill are the left and right ventricles. They receive blood from the left atrium and right atrium, respectively, during this phase. The relaxation of the ventricles, known as ventricular diastole, is facilitated by the opening of the atrioventricular (AV) valves. These valves, namely the mitral valve on the left side and the tricuspid valve on the right side, are open during diastole, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles.

Conversely, during ventricular diastole, the atria contract and push blood into the ventricles. This phase is known as atrial systole. The contraction of the atria is facilitated by the opening of the atrioventricular valves, while the semilunar valves, namely the aortic valve on the left side and the pulmonary valve on the right side, are closed to prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles.

The ventricular diastole phase can be further divided into two sub-phases: early diastole and late diastole. During early diastole, the ventricles are primarily relaxed, and the AV valves are fully open to facilitate the filling of blood from the atria. This is the passive filling phase of the ventricles. As blood fills the ventricles, they continue to relax, and the ventricular pressure decreases.

Late diastole is characterized by the completion of the passive filling phase, and the atria contract to provide an additional push of blood into the ventricles. This is known as the active filling phase and ensures the complete filling of the ventricles with blood, optimizing cardiac output for the next contraction. During late diastole, the AV valves remain open, allowing for the continued flow of blood from the atria into the ventricles.

In summary, during ventricular diastole, the left and right ventricles relax and allow blood to fill the chamber. The AV valves, namely the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve, are open during diastole to facilitate the flow of blood from the atria into the ventricles. The atria contract during ventricular diastole, pushing blood into the ventricles. The semilunar valves, namely the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve, are closed during diastole, preventing backflow of blood into the ventricles. This coordinated sequence of events ensures the efficient refilling of the ventricles and sets the stage for the next phase of the cardiac cycle.