Critique quality of the literature reviews conducted for two different types of studies- a quantitative and qualitative research. • Identify and discuss the research questions, sampling and sampling sizes, research designs (qualitative vs. quantitative), hypothesis, data collection methods, and research findings. • Discuss the credibility of the sources and the research/researchers findings. • 400-word minimum.

In analyzing the quality of literature reviews conducted for quantitative and qualitative research studies, it is important to consider various aspects of the research process. This critique will discuss the research questions, sampling and sampling sizes, research designs (qualitative vs. quantitative), hypothesis, data collection methods, and research findings of two studies representing each type of research. Moreover, the credibility of the sources and the research findings will also be examined.

Firstly, in quantitative research, the literature review plays a crucial role in identifying the gap in existing knowledge and framing the research question. It provides a foundation for the study by reviewing previous studies and theories related to the research topic. The research question in a quantitative study is often focused on investigating relationships or differences between variables through statistical analysis. For example, a quantitative study on the effects of exercise on mental health may have a research question such as “What is the relationship between exercise frequency and levels of depression and anxiety?”

In the case of qualitative research, the literature review helps to develop a deep understanding of the topic by exploring relevant theories and concepts. It guides the research question formulation, which is often open-ended and seeks to explore the experiences, meanings, and perspectives of participants. For instance, a qualitative study on the experiences of frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic may formulate the research question as “What are the challenges faced by frontline healthcare workers and how do they perceive their role in the pandemic?”

Secondly, the sampling and sample sizes differ significantly between quantitative and qualitative research. In quantitative research, a larger sample size is often desired to ensure statistical power and generalizability of the findings. Sampling methods are usually randomized or stratified to minimize bias. For example, a quantitative study on the effects of a new medication may use random sampling to select a large and diverse sample of participants.

In contrast, qualitative research aims for in-depth understanding of a smaller sample, often referred to as purposive sampling. The sample size in qualitative research is determined by data saturation, where new data no longer adds significant insights to the research questions. Sampling methods in qualitative research are non-random and selection is based on specific characteristics, such as selecting participants who have experienced a particular phenomenon of interest. For instance, a qualitative study on the experiences of domestic violence survivors may purposefully sample individuals who have gone through such experiences.

Next, the research designs employed in quantitative and qualitative research differ in their approach to data collection and analysis. Quantitative research typically utilizes experimental or correlational designs, where variables are manipulated or measured to determine relationships or differences. Hypotheses are formulated to test specific predictions about the relationships between variables. Data collection methods in quantitative research often involve surveys, questionnaires, or experiments. Statistical analysis is used to analyze the data and draw conclusions.