Hello, this is an assignment from MedSurge. Please fill out the 3 attached files (ATI). Each file has a different subject, please fill each one with the corresponding subject. 1. ATI Active Learning Template: System disorder (gastrointestinal bleeding) 2. ATI Active Learning Template: Medicine (Metronidazole, piperacillin / tazobactam) 3. ATI Active Learning Template: Diagnostic procedure (blood type and screening)
Title: ATI Active Learning Templates in Medical Surgical Nursing
Introduction:
Medical Surgical Nursing is a specialized field of nursing that deals with the care of adult patients experiencing various health conditions. The application of active learning templates in this field helps students acquire comprehensive knowledge and critical thinking skills in managing patients with specific medical conditions, administering medications, and performing diagnostic procedures.
ATI Active Learning Template 1: System Disorder (Gastrointestinal Bleeding)
System Disorder: Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Definition:
Gastrointestinal bleeding refers to any bleeding that occurs within the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. This condition can cause significant complications and requires prompt medical attention.
Etiology and Risk Factors:
Gastrointestinal bleeding can result from various causes, including peptic ulcer disease, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal tumors, vascular malformations, trauma, and certain medications (such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).
Clinical Manifestations:
The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal bleeding may vary depending on the severity and location of the bleeding. Common signs and symptoms include melena (black, tarry stools), hematemesis (vomiting of blood), orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, abdominal pain, and signs of anemia.
Diagnostic Tests:
To diagnose gastrointestinal bleeding, healthcare providers may utilize various diagnostic tests, including:
1. Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the gastrointestinal tract to visualize the bleeding source and potentially stop the bleeding using various techniques.
2. Radiographic studies: X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify bleeding sites.
3. Complete blood count (CBC): This test helps assess the patient’s hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, which can indicate anemia due to blood loss.
4. Stool guaiac test: This test detects the presence of blood in the stool, which could indicate gastrointestinal bleeding.
Complications:
If left untreated, gastrointestinal bleeding can lead to severe complications, such as hypovolemic shock, electrolyte imbalances, anemia, and even death. Therefore, prompt identification and intervention are crucial to prevent these complications.
Medical Management:
The medical management of gastrointestinal bleeding aims to control the bleeding, stabilize the patient’s condition, and treat the underlying cause. It may involve:
1. Fluid resuscitation: Intravenous fluids are administered to restore and maintain the patient’s fluid volume and blood pressure.
2. Blood transfusion: If significant blood loss occurs, transfusions may be necessary to replenish blood components.
3. Pharmacotherapy: Medications, such as proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists, and vasoconstrictors, may be prescribed to reduce gastric acid production, promote clot formation, and constrict blood vessels.
4. Surgical intervention: In cases of severe or uncontrolled bleeding, surgical procedures, such as endoscopic therapy, angiographic embolization, or surgical resection, may be performed.
Nursing Management:
Nursing care for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding includes assessment, intervention, and evaluation of the patient’s condition. Key nursing responsibilities include:
1. Monitoring vital signs: Frequent monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation to detect changes indicating worsening bleeding or compromised perfusion.
2. Assessment of bleeding severity: Assessment of the color, consistency, and amount of blood in the stool or emesis to determine the severity of bleeding.
3. Administration of prescribed interventions: Provision of medications, blood products, and intravenous fluids as ordered by the healthcare provider.
4. Emotional and psychosocial support: Assisting patients and their families in coping with the physical and emotional challenges associated with gastrointestinal bleeding and its impact on daily life.
Patient Education:
Patient education plays a vital role in preventing recurrence and managing gastrointestinal bleeding. Key topics to discuss with patients include:
1. Medication adherence: Emphasizing the importance of taking medications as prescribed, especially those aimed at preventing recurrence.
2. Dietary modifications: Educating patients about dietary restrictions, including avoiding certain foods and beverages that may irritate the gastrointestinal tract or contribute to bleeding.
3. Recognition of signs of recurrence: Instructing patients to promptly seek medical attention if they experience any signs and symptoms of recurrent bleeding.
Conclusion:
The active learning template on gastrointestinal bleeding assists nursing students in understanding the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, medical management, nursing interventions, and patient education regarding this condition. By using these templates, students can enhance their knowledge and develop critical thinking skills necessary for the effective management of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.