Assignment #2 – Research paper *********** INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT*********** Circumcision…Is it an issue? Explore the human and ethical issues surrounding circumcision. Is this a medical right or a human rights issue? Why are people so against it…why are some so for it? What is the role of the nurse in relation to an ethical dilemma involving circumcision? Requirements: Word Count—Minimum 1500-1800 words References—Minimum 3 peer-reviewed references, the oldest being no more than 5 years old. *********APA FORMAT IS REQUIRED **************
Title: The Human and Ethical Issues Surrounding Circumcision: A Critical Analysis
Introduction
Circumcision is a controversial medical procedure that involves the surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis. Its history dates back thousands of years and is practiced for various reasons, including religious, cultural, and purported health benefits. However, the ethical implications and human rights concerns associated with circumcision have sparked extensive debate among scholars, healthcare professionals, and the general public. This research paper aims to explore the multifaceted nature of circumcision as an ethical issue, examining the arguments put forth by both proponents and opponents. Moreover, it seeks to shed light on the role of nurses in navigating the ethical dilemmas associated with this contentious practice.
Medical Right or Human Rights Issue?
At the heart of the circumcision debate lies the question of whether it is a medical right or a violation of human rights. Proponents argue that circumcision provides various health benefits, such as reduced risk of urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, and penile cancer. They contend that these potential advantages outweigh any ethical concerns and justify the procedure as a medical intervention. On the other hand, opponents argue that circumcision is a violation of an individual’s bodily integrity and autonomy, constituting a breach of human rights. They assert that the decision to alter one’s body should be left to the individual in question once they reach an age of informed consent.
The Role of Religion and Culture
Religious and cultural factors significantly influence attitudes towards circumcision. In some religious traditions, such as Judaism and Islam, circumcision is considered a sacred ritual and an essential part of religious identity. For these communities, religion serves as a primary justification for performing the procedure. Similarly, cultural norms surrounding circumcision can influence its acceptance or rejection. In certain cultures, the practice is deeply ingrained and considered a rite of passage, while in others, it carries negative connotations and is viewed as an unnecessary mutilation.
Ethical Considerations
The ethical considerations surrounding circumcision are complex and multifaceted. The principle of non-maleficence urges healthcare professionals to do no harm, and proponents argue that by reducing the risk of certain health conditions, circumcision aligns with this principle. However, opponents argue that the invasive nature of the procedure inherently involves physical harm and disregard for an individual’s autonomy. The principle of beneficence, which involves promoting well-being and preventing harm, is also invoked by proponents who argue that circumcision can offer long-term health benefits.
Although the procedure is typically performed before an individual can provide informed consent, the principle of respect for autonomy suggests that individuals should have sovereignty over their own bodies. Opponents contend that circumcising infants or even minors goes against this principle, as it removes their ability to make an autonomous decision about a permanent alteration to their body. Moreover, critics argue that parental consent should not supersede an individual’s right to bodily integrity.
Understanding Individual Preferences
It is crucial to recognize and respect the diversity of individual preferences, as cultural and personal beliefs significantly influence attitudes towards circumcision. Some individuals may choose to undergo circumcision for religious, cultural, or personal reasons, while others may vehemently oppose it. Healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, play a vital role in facilitating open and non-judgmental discussions with patients and their families about circumcision. They should provide accurate, unbiased information regarding the risks, benefits, and potential complications associated with the procedure, allowing individuals to make informed decisions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, circumcision is a complex and contentious issue with ethical implications and human rights concerns. It elicits strong opinions from various stakeholders, with proponents emphasizing potential health benefits and opponents highlighting violations of bodily autonomy and informed consent. Religion and culture strongly influence attitudes towards circumcision, further complicating the ethical landscape. Nurses, as integral members of the healthcare team, have a crucial role in respecting individual autonomy and providing comprehensive information to patients and their families. By fostering open and unbiased discussions, nurses can contribute to ensuring ethical decision-making processes surrounding circumcision. Further research and dialogue are necessary to address the broader ethical questions associated with this medical intervention and promote understanding and respect for individual choices.